Shutdown timeline
Markets disappear; phishing fills the gap.
2013
Silk Road
First globally famous seizure.
2017
AlphaBay / Hansa
Large coordinated operations.
2019–2020
Dream / Empire
Closures accelerate multi-mirror habits.
2022
Torzon launches
Still operating in the current cycle.
2025
Abacus exit
Major Western volume shock.
2026
Phishing-heavy year
Torzon/Nexus clones spike.